Causes of Sore Throat

Sore throat can be caused by any number of conditions. The majority of sore throat cases are cause by infections, these infections are normally contagious. Infections are the result of viruses like the flu, or by bacteria like strep. Antibiotic treatment works well against bacteria, but is ineffective against viruses.

Viruses

Most viral colds, which include the flu, are accompanied by sore throat symptoms, a runny nose, sneezing and general aches and pains. Viruses are normally highly contagious, and can spread quickly. To combat viruses, the body builds antibodies that destroy a particular type of virus. This process normally takes about a week.

Infectious mononucleosis, also known as mono, is a virus that becomes stuck in the lymph system, causing massive enlargement of the tonsils. This virus causes swelling in several different glands, including those in the neck, groin and armpits. Mono also causes extreme an extreme sore throat. Many people with mono experience breathing problems due to a sore throat.

Bacteria

Bacterial infections of the throat are often much more severe than viral infections. Bacterial infections include strep throat, caused by the streptococcus bacteria, tonsillitis and epiglottitis. Each of these infections is caused by different bacteria that can become trapped in the throat. While not usually fatal, bacterial infections can cause serious damage if not treated properly.

Allergy

The same allergens that can irritate the nose and eyes can also cause irritation in the throat. Molds and pollens are common irritants, and pet danders also cause throat irritation. Avoiding allergic triggers is the best way to prevent a sore throat from an allergic reaction.

Tumors

Tumors in the throat, larynx and tongue can all cause throat irritation. These tumors are often associated with long-term alcohol or tobacco. Sore throats caused by tumors may be so mild or chronic that the patient does not even notice it. Spitting up blood or a lump in the neck are good indications of a throat tumor.

When to See a Doctor

Not every sore throat requires a doctor's visit, but certain symptoms warrant seeing a physician. If you have experienced any of the following symptoms for a prolonged period of time, please call a doctor at your earliest convenience.

• Severe and prolonged sore throat 
• Difficulty breathing 
• Difficulty swallowing 
• Difficulty opening the mouth 
• Joint pain 
• Earache 
• Rash 
• Fever (over 101°) 
• Blood in saliva or phlegm 
• Frequently recurring sore throat 
• Lump in neck 
• Hoarseness lasting over two weeks 

How Surgery Can Help

Facial surgery can help relieve the pain of a sore throat in a number of ways. If a patient is experience sore throat pain because of tonsil issues, the tonsils can be removed. Sinus problems that are resulting in a sore throat can often be corrected through sinus surgery when antibiotics are not effective. Sinus surgery helps to restore the normal flow of mucus, preventing infection from being carried into the sensitive areas of the throat. This can be an effective throat treatment for people experiencing chronic throat problems.